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During the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, the United States experienced a dramatic policy shift from "anti-inflation" to "anti-deflation"~
The Federal Reserve's interest rate policy went through an epic process of going from maintaining high rates to rapidly cutting to zero.
Key milestones:
2004–2006: The Fed raised interest rates 17 consecutive times, pushing the rate to a high of 5.25%. Then the crisis chain:
① Early 2007: CPI around 2.4%, interest rate at 5.25%, seemingly calm on the surface, but underlying turbulence in the housing market
② August 2007: Subprime mortgage crisis erupts, the Fed begins cutting rates
③ July 2008: CPI soars to a peak of 5.6% — inflation and crisis hit simultaneously, leaving the Fed in a dilemma
④ September 2008: Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, fracture in the financial system
⑥ December 16, 2008: The Fed cuts interest rates to 0.25%, reaching the zero lower bound for the first time, and maintains zero interest rates until 2015
⑦ July 2009: CPI drops to -2.1%, peak of deflationary pressure
⑧ June 2009: Official end of the recession
The most important lesson from this history is:
The scissors difference between CPI and interest rates — before inflation subsides, the crisis has already arrived. The Fed was forced to choose between "eliminating inflation" and "saving the market," ultimately choosing the latter. Looking at the present, this framework still holds~
#美联储 #Balance Sheet #CPI #Inflation #宏观交易 #Interest Rate Policy
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