V God's latest statement: The Ethereum triple dilemma has been overcome, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM are launched successively

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently made a major announcement on social media that the long-standing “Blockchain Trilemma” has no longer been a theoretical challenge, but has been successfully solved through actual running code. He emphasized that after multiple rounds of technological upgrades, Ethereum has achieved a qualitative leap, becoming a new network that truly balances security, decentralization, and scalability.

V神 stated on X platform that the PeerDAS technology launched in 2025 and the ZK-EVM that will be gradually adopted in 2026 will enable Ethereum to simultaneously realize decentralization, consensus mechanism, and high bandwidth. He further pointed out that this is not just theoretical but a mature solution validated on the mainnet. Data Availability Sampling (DAS) has officially gone live, and the performance of Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine (ZK-EVM) has reached production level, with only security fine-tuning remaining.

Ethereum’s Layered Breakthrough: Achieving Decentralization, Security, and High Bandwidth

The so-called “Blockchain Trilemma” fundamentally reflects a core contradiction in blockchain design: it is difficult to simultaneously satisfy “decentralization,” “security,” and “scalability.” Usually, trade-offs are made among these dimensions. To pursue transaction speed (scalability), networks often sacrifice decentralization; conversely, highly decentralized networks are often limited in processing capacity and costly to scale.

V神 explained this evolution from a historical perspective. He pointed out that BitTorrent (launched in 2001), while achieving high decentralization and massive bandwidth, lacked a “consensus mechanism” to ensure data consistency. Bitcoin (2009), although decentralized and secure, uses “full re-execution” rather than “distributed processing” for computations, leading to severe transaction throughput limitations that hinder large-scale real-world applications.

Ethereum’s solution lies in adopting a layered architecture that decouples data availability, execution, and validation. The core innovation is the PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) technology that V神 has repeatedly emphasized, which is also the most breakthrough part of the recent upgrade.

Technical Implementation: How PeerDAS Lowers Node Operation Barriers

PeerDAS operates with a relatively simple yet highly innovative logic: nodes do not need to download and verify the entire block data. Instead, they randomly sample a small portion of the data to confirm whether the transaction data truly exists. This mechanism significantly reduces the hardware requirements and network bandwidth costs for running validation nodes, allowing ordinary users and small participants to easily join the network.

By expanding the validator pool, Ethereum’s network will become more decentralized. V神 revealed that with the full deployment of PeerDAS, Ethereum aims to increase transaction throughput (TPS) to 12,000 transactions per second by 2026, which is dozens of times higher than the current level.

V神’s Scalability Roadmap: Layered Progression from 2026 to 2030

Regarding Ethereum’s future roadmap, V神 outlined an ambitious vision for scalability:

The key milestone in 2026 is to significantly increase the Gas limit—allowing substantial improvements even without relying on ZK-EVM—and to open the operation of ZK-EVM nodes for the first time, enabling ecosystem participants to experience the advantages of the new architecture.

From 2026 to 2028, the mid-term phase will see optimization of the Gas re-pricing mechanism, deep updates to Ethereum’s state structure, and a gradual shift of execution load to Blob storage to ensure network security under higher Gas limits.

From 2027 to 2030, the long-term outlook envisions ZK-EVM gradually becoming the standard tool for verifying blocks, with Ethereum’s Gas limit reaching new magnitudes, truly enabling throughput needed for large-scale commercial applications.

Currently, Ethereum has delivered impressive technical results, but its price performance still needs time to validate market confidence. As of press time, ETH is priced at about $3.03K, with a 24-hour increase of +0.81%, still about 38.8% below the all-time high of $4.95K set in August 2024.

V神’s statement not only confirms Ethereum’s technological progress but also sends a signal to the market: the once “Impossible Triangle” is being tackled one by one, and Ethereum’s ambitions are moving from theory to reality.