The impact mechanism of tariffs is complex and widespread. Through price transmission, tariffs affect product prices, alter market supply and demand, and prompt companies to adjust their production strategies. For instance, U.S. tariffs on Mexican goods led to higher prices for Mexican products in the U.S. market, decreased consumer demand, and changes in business production layouts. These changes had far-reaching impacts on consumers, businesses, and global supply chains. For consumers, it increased living costs and affected consumption choices; for businesses, it raised production costs and changed market competition; for global supply chains, it led to production layout adjustments and increased uncertainty.